The solid-state lasers based on ion-doped insulating crystals

The solid-state lasers based on ion-doped insulating crystals or glass lasers as the working substance. In the history of laser development, the solid-state laser is the first laser. Have achieved the solid material of the laser oscillation over a hundred species, there are thousands of laser line, but the solid material is still the most commonly used ruby, neodymium glass, neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd3 +: YAG) three . Compared with other types of lasers.
Solid-state laser pumping system. Since solid-state laser material is insulating crystals, it is generally used optical pumping excitation. The pump source and more work in the state of the arc discharge inert gas discharge lamp. The pump source should meet two basic conditions: (1) has a high luminous efficiency; (2) radiation is the spectral characteristics match with the absorption spectrum of the laser material. Krypton lamp in the spectral characteristics of radiation in the low current density discharge with a YAG-pumped absorption band similar. Therefore, the most continuous and small energy (<10 J = pulse YAG laser krypton lamp-pumped high efficiency pulsed xenon lamp in the case of high discharge current density, radiation of the continuous spectrum, and spectral components move to the short wave length, conducive to the absorption of the ruby. The two laser beam lights will come out from the two holes at the front of Laser Pointer next to each other. Therefore, the ruby laser, as well as large and medium-power neodymium glass, YAG pulsed lasers, and more efficient pulse xenon lamp pumped. Elliptical cylinder condenser chamber. Commonly used pump lamp radiation in space is a full range of solid material is generally processed into a cylindrical rod shape, so in order to pump lamp emits light energy to fully gather the work material, the condenser chamber . Figure (5-6) shows the elliptical cylinder condenser chamber is a small solid-state lasers most commonly used in the condenser chamber, and its inner surface is polished to a mirror, its cross-section is an ellipse. Geometrical optics imaging principle, all the light from one focus of the ellipse, the ellipse after reflection, will gather to another focus. There are two buttons on the body of Laser Pointer .
Therefore, if the straight tube lamps and laser rods were placed in two focal line of elliptical cylinder condenser chamber, you can get a good condenser. Solid-state lasers at work, only a small part of the working substance in the pump spectrum absorption band that matches the light is useful, most of the other spectral energy absorbed by the matrix material converted into heat, causing the temperature of the device in the laser uneven distribution of temperature (gradient) in the rod.